On the 1st April, 2008, the addition 2.5% of biodiesel to petrol and diesel becomes UK law.
Under the terms of the Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation (RTFO), fuel suppliers have to be able to prove that 2.5% of the fuel they sell is from ‘renewable’ sources – which means biofuels.
In 2010, this obligation will rise to 5% and it is scheduled to rise to 10% by 2020.
So what’s the problem?
Well, as I’ve hinted at before, the problem with biofuels is that there is growing evidence that they result in an increase in our carbon footprint – not a decrease. And it’s not just me. This week, two leading UK scientists (both current or former government scientists) have warned that there is growing evidence that the production of biofuels is creating serious problems.
The two scientists concerned are Professor Robert Watson, the chief scientific adviser to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and Sir David King, the former chief scientific officer to the government.
Discussing the new biofuel policy in an interview on BBC Radio 4 this week, Watson said that “It would obviously be insane if we had a policy to try and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the use of biofuels that’s actually leading to an increase in the greenhouse gases from biofuels.”
King backed Watson’s comments, saying that “What is absolutely desperately needed within government are people of integrity who will state what the science advice is under whatever political pressure or circumstances” and suggesting that policy decisions are delayed until the results of a biofuels review commissioned by the government are published.
Watson’s concerns are twofold:
- Different types of biofuel have considerably different carbon footprints. We need to differentiate between them.
- The global commercial appetite for biofuels means that areas of rainforest are being cleared to grow commercial crops and agricultural land formerly used for food production is being switched over to fuel crop production.
The combination of these two factors means that in many cases biofuels may be contributing to an increase in our carbon footprint when compared to using oil-based fuels – not a decrease.
For example, deforestation in countries such as Brazil and Indonesia is increasing to make way for lucrative biofuel crops. This is resulting in a devastating loss of natural habitat and an 17-420 times increase in carbon emissions compared to the savings from not using fossil fuels, according to a new study published in the leading US journal Science.
Biofuel production is also widely accepted to have played a role in pushing up food prices over the last year, especially as a result of US government policy favouring production of bioethanol-type fuels.
It all adds up to a big question mark? Can biofuels help reduce carbon emissions? Is the environmental cost of salving our oil-drenched consciences with biofuel too high to pay?